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๐Ÿ“˜ Reading 'The Power of Money' by Paul Sheard - ํด ์‹œ์–ด๋“œ์˜ ใ€Ž๋ˆ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅใ€์„ ์ฝ๊ณ 

๐Ÿ“˜ Reading 'The Power of Money' by Paul Sheard - ํด ์‹œ์–ด๋“œ์˜ ใ€Ž๋ˆ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅใ€์„ ์ฝ๊ณ 

(English) Reading The Power of Money by Paul Sheard

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  • I read the book The Power of Money.
  • At first, I thought it would be a light economics book and that Iโ€™d finish it quickly.
  • But as I read on, I realized it wasnโ€™t so easyโ€”it explains money flows using double-entry accounting!
  • However!! The more challenging it was, the more rewarding it became!!

One-line takeaway: Modern Monetary Theory (MMT)!!! Government debt is money that doesnโ€™t need to be repaid!!


About the Author: Paul Sheard

One memorable point: He openly shares that he once worked at Lehman Brothers, which went bankrupt in 2008, and that despite his personal loss, he strongly believed the U.S. should not have let Lehman fail.

  • Paul Sheard is a renowned Australian-born economist and policy analyst with over 40 years of experience in global economics.
  • He has served as Chief Economist at the New York Federal Reserve, Chief Global Economist at S&P, and Chief Economic Strategist at Nomura Securities.

Book Summary

moneyPower

The Power of Money explores how money, debt, central banks, and fiscal policy actually function. The author challenges the common perception that โ€œa country must avoid debt just like a household.โ€ He emphasizes that especially for governments that issue their own currency, default is not a concern. What matters more than the debt itself is how and where that money is spent.

From the MMT (Modern Monetary Theory) perspective, government deficits are private sector surpluses. Active fiscal spending by the government is essential for a healthy economy. However, the key condition is the ability to control inflationโ€”price stability is more critical than fiscal balance. The book clearly explains the roles of the government and central bank, how money is created, and the essence of national debt and budgeting.


Personal Thoughts

While I had heard of MMT in the news and articles,
this book explains it in detail through the lens of government assets and liabilities, in a much more structured and systematic way!!
In hindsight, the government and central bank were essentially one body!!!
If the government issues bonds and the central bank uses newly created money to buy themโ€”then in the bigger picture, the government is basically printing money!!
Rather than arguing that the government must cut spending just because it has โ€œtoo much debt,โ€
the book emphasizes the purpose and effectiveness of spending, and its coordination with monetary policy.
Most strikingly, it argues that government debt is not inherently a problem.
That said, everything hinges on how well inflation is managed.

So thatโ€™s why Jerome Powell is always talking about inflation!!

This book broadened and deepened my understanding of economics,
and reminded me that, unlike individuals or businesses, deficits are not necessarily bad for governments!!
Itโ€™ll definitely enrich how I interpret economic news in the future.


(ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด) ํด ์‹œ์–ด๋“œ์˜ ใ€Ž๋ˆ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅใ€์„ ์ฝ๊ณ 

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  • ๋ˆ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ฒ˜์Œ์—”, ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„œ์ ์ผ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ๋‹ค ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ๋ณด๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ˆ์˜ ์ด๋™๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์‰ฝ์ง€๋งŽ์€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€์š”!!
  • ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ!! ์–ด๋ ค์šด๋งŒํผ!! ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋А๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!!

ํ•œ์ค„๋А๋‚€์  : ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”ํ์ด๋ก (MMT)!!! ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ€์ฑ„๋Š” ๊ฐš์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด๋‹ค!!

์ €์ž ์†Œ๊ฐœ: ํด ์‹œ์–ด๋“œ

2008๋…„ ํŒŒ์‚ฐํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ๋ธŒ๋ผ๋”์Šค์˜ ์ถœ์‹ ์ธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์†์ต๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ๋กœ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋ฆฌ๋จผ์„ ํŒŒ์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ์ ์ด ์ธ์ƒ ๊นŠ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ํด ์‹œ์–ด๋“œ(Paul Sheard)๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ 40๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ๋™ํ•ด ์˜จ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž์ด์ž ์ •์ฑ… ๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€!!
  • ๋‰ด์š• ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ค€๋น„์€ํ–‰ ์ˆ˜์„ ์ด์ฝ”๋…ธ๋ฏธ์ŠคํŠธ, ์Šคํƒ ๋”๋“œ ์•ค ํ‘ธ์–ด์Šค(S&P) ์ˆ˜์„ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ด์ฝ”๋…ธ๋ฏธ์ŠคํŠธ, ๋…ธ๋ฌด๋ผ ์ฆ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ „๋žต๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์„ ์—ญ์ž„

์ฑ… ๋‚ด์šฉ ์š”์•ฝ

moneyPower

ใ€Ž๋ˆ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅใ€์€ ๋ˆ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ฑ„, ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์ •์ •์ฑ…์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…์ด๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”ํžˆ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” โ€˜๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋นš์„ ์ง€๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ์ธ์‹์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์ง€์ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ํŠนํžˆ ์ž๊ตญ ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ํŒŒ์‚ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ, ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ์ž์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ์ด ์–ด๋””์—, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ด๋А๋ƒ์ด๋‹ค.

ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”ํ์ด๋ก (MMT)์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ, ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ ์ž๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ‘์ž์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ „์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์žฌ์ •์ ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ •์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๋ถ„๋‹ด, ํ†ตํ™” ์ฐฝ์ถœ ๊ณผ์ •, ๊ตญ์ฑ„์™€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช…์พŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋А๋‚€ ์ 

MMT๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋‰ด์Šค๋‚˜ ์นผ๋Ÿผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
์ด ์ฑ…์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ€๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ณ€๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค!!
์ •๋ง ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์€ ํ•œ๋ชธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค!!!
์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์ด ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํฌ๊ฒŒ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฐ์–ด๋‚ธ๊ฒƒ!!
๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ โ€˜๋นš์ด ๋งŽ๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ง€์ถœ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”,
์ง€์ถœ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ†ตํ™” ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์˜ ์กฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ์ธ์ƒ๊นŠ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„, ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ธ์ƒ ๊นŠ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋А๋ƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŒŒ์›”์•„์ €์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฑฐ์˜€๊ตฌ๋‚˜!!

๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„“๊ณ  ๊นŠ์€ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€ ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ,
๊ฐœ์ธ, ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ผญ ์ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์œ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ์—!!,
์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์ด ๋”์šฑ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

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